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''Guanchang Xianxing Ji'' (), variously translated as "A Revelation of Official Circles", "The Bureaucrats: A Revelation", or "Observations on the Current State of Officialdom", "The Bureaucracy Exposed," "The Exposure of the Official World", or "Official Circles: A Revelation", is a novel by Li Baojia (Li Boyuan). The title can be figuratively translated as ''The Bureaucrats'' or more literally as ''Official circles: a revelation''.〔Holoch, p. 76.〕 The theme of the work is the disintegration of the late Qing dynasty civil service bureaucracy as it is deteriorating.〔Holoch, p. 77.〕 Donald Holoch, author of "A Novel of Setting: ''The Bureaucrats''", wrote that the novel is very long with a "bewildering" amount of content, and therefore he argues that discussing the novel is difficult.〔 ''Guanchang Xianxing Ji'' has over 600,000 Chinese characters. It has over 800 dramatis personæ and many episodes.〔 As of 1982, ''Guanchang Xianxing Ji'' has not been translated into English. Holoch wrote that the work "integrates the decline of the state, the status of women, the bureaucratic personality, the role of imperialism, and the commercialization of human relations."〔Doar, p. 200〕 ==Development== Jaroslav Průšek wrote that Li Baojia wrote ''Guanchang Xianxing Ji'' because Li Baojia wanted to entice people into opposing a corrupt bureaucracy.〔Yang, Xiaobin, p. (248 ) (Notes to pages 8-15).〕 Li Baojia wrote the book from 1901 to 1906 while simultaneously writing other books. The first half of the work appeared in installments of ''Shanghai Shijie Fanhua Bao'',〔 serialized there from April 1903 to June 1905.〔Doleželová-Velingerová, p. (724 ).〕 Donald Holoch, author of "A Novel of Setting: ''The Bureaucrats''", wrote that ''Guanchang Xianxing Ji'' was Li Baojia's "magnum opus".〔 Li Baojia died in 1906.〔 Since the year of Li Baojia's death, the current version of ''Guanchang Xianxing Ji'' is a 60 chapter version. Holoch wrote that a man named Ouyang Juyuan (T: 歐陽巨源, S: 欧阳巨源, P: ''Ōuyáng Jùyuán'', W: ''Ou-yang Chü-yüan''), a friend of Li Baojia, "allegedly" added the final 12 chapters after Li Baojia died, and therefore the 60 chapter version is "commonly held to be the work of two men."〔 Holoch argued that Li Baojia and Ouyang Juyuan shared the same conception of the work over a period of several years.〔Hegel, p. 190〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guanchang Xianxing Ji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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